Updates By Month (4/2004)
Zepar - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Sixteenth Spirit is Zepar.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:52:16 PM
Zagan - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Sixty-first Spirit is Zagan.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:49:46 PM
Yenaldlooshi, Skinwalkers - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in the Americas
In Navajo mythology, skinwalkers, aka Yenaldlooshi, are witches who wear coyote skins and travel at night.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:47:46 PM
Yan-gant-y-tan - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
Yan-gant-y-tan wanders the nights in Finistere
posted: 4/4/2004 1:45:32 PM
Xaphan - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
Xaphan was one of the fallen angels who rebelled with Satan.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:42:24 PM
Vucub Caquix - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in the Americas
In Mayan mythology, Vucub Caquix, Seven Macaw, was a large bird that dwelled on the surface of the world after the flood.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:28:53 PM
Volac - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
Volac is high-president of hell and commands 30 legions.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:25:29 PM
Vine - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Forty-fifth Spirit is Vine, or Vinea.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:22:07 PM
Vepar - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
Forty-second Spirit is Vepar, or Vephar.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:18:38 PM
Vassago - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Third Spirit is a Mighty Prince, being of the same nature as Agares.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:15:57 PM
Vapula - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Sixtieth Spirit is Vapula, or Naphula.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:13:29 PM
Valefor - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Sixth Spirit is Valefor.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:10:42 PM
Uvall - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
Once of the order of Powers, Wall is a great and powerful duke, who commands 36 legions.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:07:19 PM
Ukobach - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
Ukobach is a demon of an inferior order who maintains the oil in the infernal boilers.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:05:55 PM
Tzitzimime - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in the Americas
The tzitzimime were celestial demons in Aztec mythology that continuously threaten to destroy the world.
posted: 4/4/2004 1:03:28 PM
Torngarsuk - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
Tornarsuk is the ruling spirit higher than the Tornaq (a shaman's familiar).
posted: 4/4/2004 1:00:19 PM
Tlaltecuhtli - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in the Americas
Tlaltecuhtli ("Earth Lord") was a large earth monster in Aztec mythology
posted: 4/4/2004 12:57:47 PM
Tezcatlipoca - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in the Americas
Tezcatlipoca ("smoking mirror") represents conflict and change in Aztec mythology.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:55:35 PM
Stolas - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
Stolas is a high prince of hell commanding 26 legions.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:51:41 PM
Sitri - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Twelfth Spirit is Sitri.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:48:50 PM
Shedim - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Judaism and Christianity
In Babylonian and Assyrian religions, Shedim was a generic name like the Hebrew and Christian word spirit.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:45:58 PM
Shax - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
As duke and high marquis of hell, Scox/Chax commands 30 legions.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:41:58 PM
Seere - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Seventieth Spirit is Seere, Sear, or Seir.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:39:20 PM
Satan - History of Satan - The Devil
In the Greek translation of the Bible, the word satan was translated as diabolos on many occasions.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:36:10 PM
Satan - History of Satan - The Devil
The Apocalypsis Mosis 16 tells of how Satan used the serpent as a vessel to lead astray Adam and Eve.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:33:45 PM
Fall of Satan - History of Satan
Before the New Testament, there were many powers of evil, with Satan existing alongside other demon chiefs.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:28:57 PM
Satan - History of Satan - The Devil
The name Satan is derived from a root meaning 'to oppose' or 'to be or to act as an adversary.'
posted: 4/4/2004 12:24:16 PM
Samigina - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Fourth Spirit is Samigina, a Great Marquis.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:08:57 PM
Sallos - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
he Nineteenth Spirit is Sallos (or Saleos).
posted: 4/4/2004 12:05:31 PM
Sabnock - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Forty-third Spirit, as King Solomon commanded them into the Vessel of Brass, is called Sabnock, or Savnok.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:02:41 PM
Ronove - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
As marquis and count of hell, Ronwe controls 19 legions.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:59:10 AM
Ribesal - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
Ribesal, aka Rubezal, is a specter at the summit of the Risemberg, according to the people of Silesia.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:55:19 AM
Raum - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
He is a Great Earl; and appeareth at first in the Form of a Crow, but after the Command of the Exorcist he putteth on Human Shape.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:51:42 AM
Rakshasas - Demons, Demonology, and Evil of the Eastern and Asian Cultures
The rakshasas are evil spirits in Hindu mythology with magical and shape-shifting abilities.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:49:58 AM
Rahovart - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
Rahovart is a demon whom little is known.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:47:42 AM
Purson - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Twentieth Spirit is Purson, a Great King
posted: 4/4/2004 11:43:35 AM
Pruflas - Dictionnaire Infernal
The Goetia does not include Pruflas as a demon.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:40:25 AM
Pretas - Demons, Demonology, and Evil of the Eastern and Asian Cultures
In Hindu mythology, the Pretas are the spirits of dead people that inhabit Preta-Loka, the realm of tortured spirits.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:36:57 AM
Picollus - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
Picollus was revered by the ancient inhabitants of Prussia.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:32:11 AM
Phenex - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Thirty-Seventh Spirit is Phenex (or Pheynix).
posted: 4/4/2004 11:26:38 AM
Paimon - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
Paymon is a king of hell who governs 200 legions, half of them from the Angelic Order, and half from the Order of Powers.
posted: 4/4/2004 11:16:54 AM
Ose - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Fifty-seventh Spirit is Oso, Ose, or Voso.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:57:54 AM
Orobas - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
High prince of hell, Orobos commands 20 legions.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:53:00 AM
Ornias - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Judaism and Christianity
Ornias (trans. "pesky") is the first demon mentioned in the Testament of Solomon.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:50:51 AM
Oriax - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Fifty-ninth Spirit is Oriax, or Orias.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:46:32 AM
Onoskelis - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Judaism and Christianity
Onoskelis (Greek: "she with the ass's legs") was a female demon with a beautiful form mentioned in the Testament of Solomon.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:44:26 AM
Nybbas - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
posted: 4/4/2004 10:42:20 AM
Nickar - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
In Teutonic mythology, Nicor are malignant water monsters who drown people.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:39:35 AM
Nagas, Nagis - Demons, Demonology, and Evil of the Eastern and Asian Cultures
In Hindu mythology, the Nagas/Nagis were a race of serpents whose purpose was to populate the underworld, Patalas.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:36:58 AM
Naberius - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
Cerbere/ Cerberus/ Naberus is a strong and powerful demon commanding 29 legions.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:33:05 AM
Murmur - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The Fifty-fourth Spirit is called Murmur, or Murmus, or Murmux.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:28:05 AM
Mictlantecuhtli - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in the Americas<
In Aztec mythology, Mictlantecuhtli was the skeletal god of death who ruled over Mictlan, the underworld, with his wife, Mictlancihuatl.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:25:46 AM
Mephistophiles - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Judaism and Christianity
Mephistophiles is the name of the devil in the Faust myths of the late Middle Ages through the Renaissance.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:21:42 AM
Moloch - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Judaism and Christianity
Molech, whose name probably derived from Melech "king" and Bosheth, "shame", was one of the deities worshipped by the idolatrous Israelites.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:15:49 AM
Melchom - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
Melchom is the paymaster of civil servants in hell.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:12:57 AM
Melchiresa - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Judaism and Christianity
Melchiresa is the one of the names for a predominant evil being in several of the fragments of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:10:12 AM
Mastema - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Judaism and Christianity
In the Book of Jubilees, Mastema seems to be identified with Satan.
posted: 4/4/2004 10:02:36 AM
Marchosias - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
A great marquis of hell who commands 30 legions, Marchocias appears as a she-wolf with griffin wings and a serpent's tail, and spit flames.
posted: 4/4/2004 9:59:04 AM
Marbas - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
The fifth Spirit is Marbas. He is a Great President, and appeareth at first in the form of a Great Lion.
posted: 4/4/2004 9:48:04 AM
Marax - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
Twenty-first Spirit is Marax. He is a Great Earl and President.
posted: 4/4/2004 9:44:27 AM
Mara, Papiyan and Varsavarti - Demons, Demonology, and Evil of the Eastern and Asian Cultures
Mara ("death" or "thirst") is also called Papiyan ("more wicked") and Varsavarti ("he who fills desires").
posted: 4/4/2004 9:41:18 AM
Mammon - Demons, Demonology, and Evil in Europe
In the Bible, 'mammon' is not a demon but simply an Aramaic word meaning 'wealth' or 'property.'
posted: 4/4/2004 9:24:54 AM
Malphas - Goetia, the Lesser Key of Solomon the King: Lemegeton
A grand-president of hell who governs 40 legions, Malphas appears as a raven, or in human form with a raucous voice.
posted: 4/4/2004 9:20:49 AM
Book of Enoch: How Sin Entered the World and the Fallen Angels
How sin entered into the world and the punishment of the fallen angels.
posted: 4/4/2004 12:08:38 AM
Book of Enoch: Book of the Watchers
The Book of the Watchers is the second oldest book in the Enochic corpus and the oldest apocalypse
posted: 4/4/2004 12:06:35 AM
Book of Enoch: Background and Astronomical Book
The Book of Enoch consists of 5 separate books that have been combined into one document
posted: 4/4/2004 12:00:26 AM
Jewish Sects of Antiquity
An overview of the 4 main sects of Judaism as described by Josephus
posted: 4/3/2004 11:25:55 PM
Brief History of Judaism
Here's a brief history of Judaism from Antiquity to the Destruction of the Second Temple in 70CE
posted: 4/3/2004 11:23:03 PM
Two Accounts of Creation in Genesis
Another distinct feature is that in the first story, man is presented as the climax of God's creation.
posted: 4/3/2004 11:17:37 PM
Two Accounts of Creation in Genesis
It is a widely held belief in the scholarly community is that there are two creation stories in Genesis.
posted: 4/3/2004 11:05:31 PM
Quick Introduction to Gnosticism
The modern term 'Gnosticism' refers to a collection of ideas that arose during the early stages of Christianity.
posted: 4/3/2004 11:00:08 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism
Other Qumran texts such as the Testament of Amram (4QAmram)tell of two opposing spirits.
posted: 4/3/2004 10:55:13 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism - 1QM
1QM is considered to be characteristic of cosmic dualism with eschatological elements
posted: 4/3/2004 10:51:15 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism - Damascus Document (CD)
The Damascus Document (CD) lacks the deterministic language of the 1QS and seems to place greater emphasis on free will than the 1QS.
posted: 4/3/2004 10:47:11 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism - God and Spirit in 1QS
The belief of an absolute determinism is related to the ethical dimension of the text.
posted: 4/3/2004 10:44:17 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism - Ethical Dualism in 1QS
The ethical nature of the text is described primarily in 4:2-14.
posted: 4/3/2004 10:42:26 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism - Dualism in IQS
One of the principle themes in IQS is the light-versus-darkness motif, characterized by the conflicting forces of the spirits of truth and deceit.
posted: 4/3/2004 10:38:32 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - IQS
The 1QS manuscript has been paleographically dated to the first half of the first century BCE.
posted: 4/3/2004 10:32:42 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism - Types of Dualism
Of the types of dualism present in the Dead Sea Scrolls, scholars debate whether escatological and ethical is the most prominent.
posted: 4/3/2004 10:05:44 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism - What is Dualism?
A breakdown of several types of dualism
posted: 4/3/2004 10:00:26 PM
Dead Sea Scrolls - Dualism - Definitions
Certain scrolls found among the Dead Sea Scrolls provide vivid, detailed descriptions of the escalating battle between good and evil.
posted: 4/3/2004 9:50:35 PM
Christ's Descent into Hell - The Descensus ad Inferos - Jeremiah-logion and Iranaeus
Descent myths in the Jeremiah-logion and Iranaeus.
posted: 4/3/2004 2:27:38 PM
Descensus ad Inferos (Part 9): Teachings of Silvanus
The Teachings of Silvanus (CG VII,4) was unknown before the discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library.
posted: 4/3/2004 2:19:40 PM
Christ's Descent into Hell - The Descensus ad Inferos - Odes of Solomon
Scholarly opinion contrasts Ode 17 to Ode 22.
posted: 4/3/2004 2:18:16 PM
Descensus ad Inferos (Part 7): Odes of Solomon
The Odes of Solomon is a collection of hymns believed to have been written in Syriac-Aramaic around the time of the Gospel of John
posted: 4/3/2004 2:11:17 PM
Christ's Descent into Hell - The Descensus ad Inferos - Hebrews, Acts
References to the Descent in Acts and Hebrews.
posted: 4/3/2004 1:54:31 PM
Christ's Descent into Hell - The Descensus ad Inferos - Matthew
Evidence that the 'gates of Hades' in Matthew 16:16-19 is associated with the Descent.
posted: 4/3/2004 1:51:06 PM
Christ's Descent into Hell - The Descensus ad Inferos
The Pauline corpus contains a few verses possibly implying a Descent.
posted: 4/3/2004 1:47:03 PM
Christ's Descent into Hell - The Descensus ad Inferos - 1 Peter
The most significant biblical writing concerning the Descent is 1 Pet 3:18-22.
posted: 4/3/2004 1:43:46 PM
The Underworld - Christ's Descent into Hell - The Descensus ad Inferos
Throughout the evolution of Judaism and Christianity, descriptions of and visitations to the underworld changed dramatically.
posted: 4/3/2004 1:29:46 PM
Christ's Descent into Hell - The Descensus ad Inferos
The idea of Christ's descent into hell is a predominant teaching in modern church theology.
posted: 4/3/2004 1:21:36 PM
Distinguishing Between Jesus the Man and Christ the Savior
Why historians differentiate between Jesus the human and Christ the mythic being
