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Demonology, Fallen Angels, and the Philosophy of Good and Evil

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Tibetan Buddhist Kali. Closeup from a painting of Machig Labdron , 19th century. (Source Wiki Commons Media)

List of Demons, Monsters & Malevolent Spirits from the Ancient Near East, the Middle East and Asia

Many of what are considered “evil spirits” within Middle Eastern & Asian culture – and especially in Hinduism – are known as such because Christianity adapted their gods/goddesses as foes to their true God. This is a common thread throughout history – one culture adopts another’s deities as adversaries of their gods/goddesses. In this regard, “evil” is relative. That’s not to say that many of these supernatural beings don’t have destructive sides – but whether it is fair to classify them as “demons” is debatable.

Note: Hindu deities like Kali and Bhairava (for instance) are included because they were listed in a historical compilation of demons by Collin De Plancy. I tried to be fair and include descriptions from the Puranas to balance what de Plancy said, but I can’t change the fact that he included them in his list. If you’re still offended, you can read my response to angry emails I’ve received concerning this. Learn more about my philosophy behind the classifications.

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[ All Demons | Americas | Asia/East | Europe | Judeo-Christian | Modern Magick | What is Demonology? | What is Evil? ]

Winged bull - Palace of Darius I - Susa, Iran

Shedim

In Babylonian and Assyrian religions, Shedim was a generic name like the Hebrew and Christian word spirit.

Read moreShedim
Rakshasas

Rakshasas

The rakshasas are evil spirits in Hindu mythology with magical and shape-shifting abilities.

Read moreRakshasas
Pretas - Hungry Ghosts

Pretas

In Hindu mythology, the Pretas are the spirits of dead people that inhabit Preta-Loka, the realm of tortured spirits.

Read morePretas
Ananta-Shesha

Nagas

In Hindu mythology, the Nagas/Nagis were a race of serpents whose purpose was to populate the underworld, Patalas.

Read moreNagas
Mara's assault on the Buddha - Amaravati, India

Mara

Mara is the evil spirit in Buddhism who tempted Siddharta during the time he sat beneath the Bo Tree and meditated.

Read moreMara
Drawing of Kappa (1836) - Artist Unknown

Kappas

The Kappas are water demons in Japanese mythology.

Read moreKappas
Funeral Symphony (V) - Mikalojus Ciurlionis

Jinn

The Jinn are spirits that were created by God out of fire.

Read moreJinn
Izanagi and Izanami - Kobayashi Eitaku

Izanami

Izanagi and Izanami were the two young gods chosen to bring order to the world of chaos in Japanese mythology.

Read moreIzanami
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