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Demonology, Fallen Angels, and the Philosophy of Good and Evil
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The Christian devil and his infernal minions have many different names and ranks. This section examines how these names and classifications evolved from various sources of Jewish and Christian lore. Some of the earliest names, such as Satan, Belial, Asmodai, and Samael, come from Jewish legends about fallen angels and evil spirits.
Other names and categories emerged from apocalyptic writings that describe the end times and the cosmic battle between good and evil. These writings include the Book of Enoch, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Baruch, and Ezra, which date from the second century BCE to the second century CE.
There are also many non-canonical scriptures that feature demons and their roles in the spiritual realm. These include the New Testament Apocrypha and the Gnostic texts found in the Nag Hammadi Library. Many of the names and characteristics of the demons in this section are derived from these sources.
Abaddon, the "place of destruction" is synonymous with Sheol in Proverbs and Job. In later writings, Abaddon is personified as the king of the abyss who can command an army of locusts to torment men.
The name Abraxas was taken from abra-cadabra. He is presented on amulets with the head of a cock, dragon's feet and a whip in his hand.
According to Collin de Plancy, Adramelech is a high chancellor of hell who tends to Satan's wardrobe. He was also the god in 2 Kings 19:36-38 to whom the Sepharvites worshiped through human sacrifice.
Learn about Asmodeus, a demon of wrath, lust, and deception, who appears in various religious and literary sources, such as Zoroastrianism, the book of Tobit, Paradise Lost, and The Magus. Discover his origins, features, functions, and influence on art and culture.
Azazel is the chief of the Se'irim, or goat-demons, who haunted the desert and to whom most primitive Semitic tribes offered sacrifices.
Ba'al-zebub, also called Beelzebub or Beelzebul is known as the lord of the flies. The name derives from the Canaanite "'Baal" meaning "lord."
Behemoth, a spirit of the desert, possibly derives from the Egyptian for "water buffalo."
Belial (or Beliaal) is Hebrew for "without value." He is known as Beliar in Greek.
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